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Code Quality and Debugging Practices Questions

Focuses on writing maintainable, readable, and robust code together with practical debugging approaches. Candidates should demonstrate principles of clean code such as meaningful naming, clear function and module boundaries, avoidance of magic numbers, single responsibility and separation of concerns, and sensible organization and commenting. Include practices for catching and preventing bugs: mental and unit testing of edge cases, assertions and input validation, structured error handling, logging for observability, and use of static analysis and linters. Describe debugging workflows for finding and fixing defects in your own code including reproducing failures, minimizing test cases, bisecting changes, using tests and instrumentation, and collaborating with peers through code reviews and pair debugging. Emphasize refactoring, test driven development, and continuous improvements that reduce defect surface and make future debugging easier.

EasyTechnical
47 practiced
What is a flaky test? Provide three concrete causes of flakiness specific to ML systems (e.g., non-deterministic GPU ops, race conditions with DataLoader workers, dependency on external online resources) and give a mitigation strategy for each cause.
HardSystem Design
37 practiced
Design a CI/CD pipeline architecture for a large AI model repository that includes pre-commit style checks, unit tests, GPU-enabled integration tests, model validation tests (quality and safety), dataset checks, packaging and artifact storage, and gated promotion to production. Describe stage dependencies, caching strategies for large datasets/artifacts, and trade-offs for running GPU tests on PRs.
MediumTechnical
41 practiced
Implement a Python decorator or context manager using the standard logging module that measures and logs execution time and contextual metadata (dataset id, epoch, step) for wrapped training or evaluation functions. Show usage examples in a training loop and explain how to keep logs concise and structured for downstream parsing.
MediumSystem Design
35 practiced
Design contract and schema tests for a model-serving HTTP API that accepts JSON features and returns probability distributions and metadata. Provide example JSON schema (fields, types, ranges) and describe automated tests to ensure backward compatibility, schema validation, and graceful failure when optional fields are missing.
HardTechnical
42 practiced
Create a checklist and automated gating policy for reviewing PRs that change critical training hyperparameters (batch size, learning rate, weight decay, gradient-accumulation steps). Which automated tests, small-scale experiments, and documentation updates should be required before such a PR is merged?

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