Backend Considerations in Coding Questions

Assess the candidate ability to apply real world backend engineering concerns while solving coding problems. Expect discussion of data persistence versus in memory caching, transaction boundaries and atomicity, concurrency control and race condition mitigation, logging and observability signals, input validation and error handling strategies, idempotency and retry semantics, and how algorithmic choices affect latency and storage. Candidates should be able to surface operational implications such as monitoring, resource constraints, and how to adapt a whiteboard solution for production grade service behavior.