Data Integration and Extract, Transform, Load Questions

Design and operation of data flows between systems, including extract, transform, load (ETL/ELT) pipelines, API integrations and webhooks, schema mapping, data validation, deduplication and reconciliation, error handling, retry and idempotency patterns, monitoring and observability, throughput and latency considerations, and testing strategies. Covers practical approaches to batching versus streaming, transformation patterns, mapping identity across systems (for example matching records across a CRM, data warehouse, or third-party API), and building robust instrumentation and alerts to detect and resolve data issues. Applies broadly to integrating data between any pair of internal or external systems, not limited to one product area.