Reliability Patterns and Fault Tolerance Questions

Applying design patterns and engineering practices that make services resilient to faults. Core patterns include redundancy and replication, circuit breakers, bulkheads, graceful degradation, timeouts and retries with exponential backoff, throttling and rate limiting, bulkhead isolation, and retry idempotency strategies. Also includes measuring and improving reliability through metrics such as mean time to repair and mean time between failures, defining Service Level Indicator and Service Level Objective targets, designing error budgets, and choosing trade offs between consistency and availability. Candidates should explain when to apply each pattern and how patterns interact in distributed systems.