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Problem Definition and Hypothesis Formation Questions

Break down ambiguous business questions into specific, answerable analytics problems and define what success looks like. Ask clarifying questions about business context, constraints, stakeholder expectations, and acceptance criteria. Use structured diagnosis and root cause analysis to isolate where a problem occurs by segmenting users, products, time periods, or geographies. Generate multiple testable hypotheses that explain observed outcomes, distinguish correlation from causation, and prioritize hypotheses by likelihood, potential impact, and ease of validation. Frame measurable metrics for each hypothesis and propose high level validation approaches or experiments to confirm or reject the hypotheses.

HardTechnical
33 practiced
When would you use an instrumental variable (IV) to validate a hypothesis about ad exposure driving purchases? Provide a realistic IV example, list IV assumptions (relevance, exclusion restriction, monotonicity), describe estimation steps, and practical tests or diagnostics to evaluate instrument validity.
HardTechnical
38 practiced
Design an approach to test hypotheses about long-term user value (LTV) rather than short-term conversion. Discuss lookback windows, censoring and survivorship bias, use of survival analysis or cohort extrapolation, and how to present uncertainty and confidence intervals around LTV estimates to stakeholders.
MediumTechnical
37 practiced
Explain measurement error and its impact on hypothesis testing. Distinguish non-differential versus differential measurement error and give an example of each in the context of product event tracking. How do these errors affect bias and variance of estimated effects?
EasyTechnical
40 practiced
Your product manager asks to 'improve website conversion rate'. As a data analyst, list the clarifying questions you would ask to translate this into a measurable analytics problem. Cover definitions (what counts as conversion), time window, target segments, baseline, minimum meaningful uplift, data sources and latency, event attribution, constraints (sample size, privacy/regulatory), rollout or experiment feasibility, and stakeholders. Provide at least 8 distinct questions and explain why each matters.
MediumTechnical
67 practiced
Write an ANSI SQL query to compute 4-week retention cohorts from an events table with schema: events(user_id, event_name, event_date::date). Define cohort_week as date_trunc('week', min(event_date) FILTER (WHERE event_name='signup')). Produce a matrix: cohort_week, week_offset (0..3), retention_rate. Include sample output for two cohorts in your explanation.

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