Data Pipeline Orchestration and Workflow Management Questions

Design and operate orchestration and workflow systems for complex pipelines. Topics include directed acyclic graph style scheduling, dependency management, task retries and backfills, incremental and ad hoc runs, data lineage and metadata, tooling choices such as Apache Airflow and Dagster, CI CD for pipeline code, observability into task and dataset health, alerting on missing or delayed data, and strategies for debugging and reprocessing historical data when pipeline bugs are discovered.