IP Addressing and Subnetting Questions

Working with IP address space: IPv4 and IPv6 addressing, subnet masks and CIDR notation (including why classful addressing was abandoned), VLSM calculation, route summarization from an addressing standpoint, private (RFC1918), ULA, link-local (including 169.254 self-assigned) and public ranges, and multicast address ranges. Covers designing hierarchical addressing schemes for sites, VLANs, security zones, DMZs and data centers, laying out prefixes so ACL and QoS policy stays compact, NAT and CGNAT for address conservation, static versus DHCP-assigned addressing, IPAM practice, renumbering after mergers or overlaps, and IPv4-to-IPv6 transition (dual-stack, tunneling, NAT64/DNS64). Boundary: routing protocol operation, cloud VPC topology, DNS and DHCP service operation, and firewall design are covered elsewhere.