System Capacity and Cost Estimation Questions

Translating business requirements into technical capacity needs and cost estimates for infrastructure and operations. Topics include back of envelope and Fermi estimation for storage compute and bandwidth, understanding throughput metrics such as queries per second and latency targets, provisioning strategies including autoscaling versus reserved capacity, how architectural choices drive operational cost over time, and approaches to estimate cloud and infrastructure expenses. Candidates should be able to justify assumptions, demonstrate simple calculations for resource sizing, discuss trade offs between performance reliability and cost, and explain how to align provisioning strategy with budget constraints.