Basic Network Defense Mechanisms Questions

Understanding firewalls: stateful vs. stateless, rule construction, access control lists (ACLs). Network segmentation concepts. Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) vs. Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS) at a conceptual level. Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) for secure remote access. Understanding the concept of defense in depth and layered security. Honeypots as decoy systems for detecting attacks.