Database Engineering & Data Systems Topics
Database design patterns, optimization, scaling strategies, storage technologies, data warehousing, and operational database management. Covers database selection criteria, query optimization, replication strategies, distributed databases, backup and recovery, and performance tuning at database layer. Distinct from Systems Architecture (which addresses service-level distribution) and Data Science (which addresses analytical approaches).
Complex Joins and Set Operations
Focuses on mastering joins and set operations for combining and transforming relational data across multiple tables. Candidates should understand all join types including inner, left, right, full outer, cross joins, self joins, and nested joins, and know when to use each for correctness and performance. This topic also covers set operations such as UNION, INTERSECT, and EXCEPT, differences between joins and set operations, handling duplicates and NULL values correctly, choosing between joins, subqueries, and common table expressions for clarity and efficiency, and reasoning about join order and its performance implications on large tables. Interview questions may include multi table join problems, complex business logic across four or more tables, and scenarios that reveal trade offs between approaches.
Indexing Strategy and Selection
Covers index design principles and practical selection of indexes to accelerate queries while managing storage and write cost. Topics include index types such as B tree hash and bitmap indexes and full text and functional indexes; single column composite and covering indexes; clustered versus nonclustered index architectures and partial or filtered indexes. Candidates should reason about index selectivity and cardinality and how statistics and histograms influence optimizer choices. Also assess index maintenance overhead fragmentation and rebuild strategies and the trade off between faster reads and slower inserts updates and deletes. Practical skills include reading execution plans to identify missing or inefficient indexes proposing index consolidation or covering index designs testing and benchmarking index changes and understanding interactions between indexing partitioning and denormalization.
Database Design and Architecture
Designing and architecting databases for production and cloud environments with attention to data modeling, schema design, and access pattern optimization. Topics include normalization and denormalization trade offs, schema versus query driven modeling, entity and relationship design for transactional and analytical workloads, indexing and query optimization techniques, partitioning and sharding design decisions, schema evolution and migration strategies, materialized views and caching strategies, selection of storage layers for different data shapes, and practical operational runbooks for provisioning, monitoring, alerting, backups, disaster recovery, and capacity planning. Candidates should justify schema and architecture choices with respect to latency, throughput, development and operational complexity, maintainability, and cost.
Structured Query Language Join Operations
Comprehensive coverage of Structured Query Language join types and multi table query patterns used to combine relational data and answer business questions. Topics include inner join, left join, right join, full outer join, cross join, self join, and anti join patterns implemented with NOT EXISTS and NOT IN. Candidates should understand equi joins versus non equi joins, joining on expressions and composite keys, and how join choice affects row counts and null semantics. Practical skills include translating business requirements into correct join logic, chaining joins across two or more tables, constructing multi table aggregations, handling one to many relationships and duplicate rows, deduplication strategies, and managing orphan records and referential integrity issues. Additional areas covered are join conditions versus WHERE clause filtering, aliasing for readability, using functions such as coalesce to manage null values, avoiding unintended Cartesian products, and basic performance considerations including join order, appropriate indexing, and interpreting query execution plans to diagnose slow joins. Interviewers may probe result correctness, edge cases such as null and composite key behavior, and the candidate ability to validate outputs against expected business logic.
SQL Fundamentals and Query Writing
Comprehensive query writing skills from basic to intermediate level. Topics include SELECT and WHERE, joining tables with inner and outer joins, grouping with GROUP BY and filtering groups with HAVING, common aggregation functions such as COUNT SUM AVG MIN and MAX, ORDER BY and DISTINCT, subqueries and common table expressions, basic window functions such as ROW_NUMBER and RANK, union operations, and principles of readable and maintainable query composition. Also covers basic query execution awareness and common performance pitfalls and how to write correct, efficient queries for combining and summarizing relational data.
SQL Scenarios
Advanced SQL query design and optimization scenarios, including complex joins, subqueries, window functions, common table expressions (CTEs), set operations, indexing strategies, explain plans, and performance considerations across relational databases.
Set Operations and Complex Aggregations
Understanding UNION, UNION ALL, EXCEPT, INTERSECT operations and their performance implications. Complex GROUP BY queries, HAVING clauses, and multi-level aggregations.
Data Modeling for DoorDash Domain
Data modeling concepts tailored to the DoorDash domain, including conceptual and logical modeling, entity-relationship and dimensional modeling, schema design for transactional OLTP systems and analytical workloads, domain-driven design considerations for orders, restaurants, menus, drivers, deliveries, payments, and logs, data access patterns, and governance and schema evolution for a high-traffic on-demand delivery platform.
Relational Database Fundamentals and Design
Core concepts of relational databases and schema design including tables, relationships such as one to one one to many and many to many, primary keys and foreign keys, data integrity constraints, and the properties of atomicity consistency isolation and durability and why they matter. Understand differences between relational systems using structured query language and nonrelational databases, indexing strategies, normalization and denormalization trade offs, simple query optimization techniques, and when to choose a normalized relational design versus a document or key value store. Candidates should be able to perform basic entity identification, produce simple schema diagrams, explain persistence and durability considerations, and reason about basic performance and scaling trade offs.