Error Handling and Logging Questions

Covers systematic error management and observability practices for applications and services. Includes structured logging, error categorization and severity, returning appropriate error responses and HTTP status codes, try catch usage, graceful degradation and fallback strategies, retry logic and exponential backoff, circuit breaker patterns for external dependency failures, monitoring and alerting, and using logs and traces for debugging production issues. Emphasizes designing systems that surface actionable diagnostics while protecting user experience and system stability.