Compiler Optimization and Pragmas Questions

Describe compiler level techniques used to tune performance and code size in embedded systems. Topics include optimization level trade offs, inline and no inline decisions, function and variable attributes and pragmas for packing and alignment, volatile and restrict semantics, aliasing rules, and how compiler transformations interact with memory mapped input output. Explain link time optimization and profile guided optimization, how to inspect generated assembly and map files to verify code generation, and debugging tactics when optimizations alter code layout or symbol visibility.